The worst oil spill caused by offshore oil drilling happened in the mexican gulf. Oil exploration and spillage in the niger delta of nigeria. The federal government reported that there were more than 7,000 spills in the time range between 1970 and 2000. Recent oil spills in delta and bayelsa states, nigeria sdn. There are many documented cases of oil spillage in the niger delta region, southern. Due to both habitat characteristics and omnivorous. Overview the nigerian governments 4 june 2008 decision to replace the shell petroleum development company spdc as operator of oil concessions in ogoni areas offers an opportunity for ending one of the longestrunning conflicts between a multinational oil company and a local community in the niger delta.
Onshore and offshore oil drilling are some of the worst ways oil can find its way to the sea. Spills of any type of oil may damage the environment. Shell being sued in two claims over oil spills in nigeria. Furthermore, apart from the mechanical and chemical oil spill cleaning methods that have been used in managing oil spill problems, oil spill models have on several occasions being used to manage oil spills on the nigerian coast. Many of the large oil companies including chevron, exxon, conocophillips, shell and agip. Wherever possible, local communities take part in the remedial work if the cause is not sabotagethird party tampering.
One of these grievances related to environmental degradation caused by oil spills. Oil spills due to crude oil theft and sabotage of facilities, as well as illegal refining cause the most environmental damage from oil and gas operations in the niger delta. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Breathing difficulties, increased blood pressures, heart rhythm changes, skin ulcer, stomach irritation, muscle weakness, changes in nerve reflexes, swelling of brains and. Effects of oil spillage on community development in the. The paper opined that majority of oil spills in nigeria are not usually addressed in the light of obtainable best practices, inspite of the negative. This guide is intended to assist those who work in spill response and planning in regions where mangrove ecosystems are an important part of the coastline. Oil spillage in the niger delta region in nigeria the niger delta region in nigeria is 20,000 square kilometers a wetland of 70,000 square kilometers formed by sediment deposition. Nevertheless, 17 assessed oil exploration and spillage in the niger delta region of the country, using comparative analysis of secondary data covering periods from 1976 to. Uc san diego has a spill prevention, control, and countermeasure plan spcc to prevent or reduce the discharge of oil into navigable waters the campus spcc plan identifies management measures that must be implemented wherever oil and oil based products are used or stored to prevent spills and. Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on. In july 1979 the forcados tank 6 terminal in delta state incidence spilled 570,000 barrels of oil into the forcados estuary polluting the aquatic environment and surrounding swamp forest ukoli, 2005. The management of oil spillage in the niger delta region of nigeria a dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of msc environmental management.
The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. The recent gulf of mexico oil spill flowed undiminished for three months in 2010 due to an explosion of deepwater horizon drillin rig that was operated by british petroleum. The government and policy makers can adopt the following measures to solve the problem of oil spillage in nigeria. The first oil spill in nigeria was at araromi in the present ondo state in 1908 tolulope,2004. The villagers failure to get compensation in nigeria pushed them to file lawsuits outside the country. The format for an initial oil spill notification report is found at annex b. The niger delta region of nigeria has been inundated with oil pollution since the.
According to nigerian government regulations, the oil companies, accompanied by government and community representatives, are supposed to visit each oil spill in order to assess key information. Oil spillage is one of the greatest environmental problems, nigeria is currently battling with especially in the niger delta region. The coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. Big oil spills are common in the niger delta where over 40 million liters of crude oil is spilled annually, resulting in human deaths and damage to the local ecosystem. Oil was, subsequently, soon discovered in other parts of the region like isoko and warri in delta. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al. Today, there are about 606 oil fields in the niger delta, of which 360 are on shore and. The niger delta is africas most important oilproducing region, and one of the most polluted places on earth. Causing the peoples of oil and gasrich niger delta region of nigeria. Oil spills in the niger delta stakeholder democracy.
The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in. Onshore oil wells data from sdn pipeline, terminal and refinery location from map by national geographic magazine 200702, data source ihs energy group, us central intelligence agency gas pipeline data from sdn wetlands data from national oil spill detection and response agency of nigeria. In a country like nigeria where there is illegal oil bunkering by militants, oil spills occur quite frequently and are a major environmental challenge. The shell bonga oil spill of over 40,000 barrels occurred on december 20th 2011, affecting over 20 riverine communities across akwa ibom, bayelsa and delta state in nigeria, like the odioma community 1 and two communities in ekeremor 2. Irrespective of cause, the spdc jv cleans up and remediates areas affected by spills originating from its facilities. Shell oil spills led to astonishingly high pollution in. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria 20 the year 2000, about twenty four 24 cases of large crude oil spillages were recorded around the world including south africa when a. Slippery justice for victims of oil spills africa renewal. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. Oil spillage in niger delta region of nigeria has been on an increase and almost on a regular basis.
Small amounts of water soluble barium may cause a person to experience. Major new inquiry into oil spills in nigeria s niger delta launched. Sensitivity of aquatic habitats aquatic environments are made up of complex interrelations between plant and animal species and their physical environment. Socioeconomic implications and environmental effects of. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. Causes and effects of oil spill on our environment earth. Oil communities have been at the receiving end of this environmental problem. The unep environmental assessment of ogoniland shell nigeria. Fifty percent 50% of oil spills in nigeria is due to corrosion, while twenty eight percent 28% to sabotage and twenty one percent 21% to oil production operations.
It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest. The niger delta region is the oil producing area of nigeria, which consists of highly diverse ecosystems that are supportive of numerous. Oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up. A number of federal and state agencies deal with the problems of oil spill in nigeria. Environmental devastation, ruined economy and deteriorating health afflict bodo community years after shell oil spill. This paper examines the environmental impact of oil spillage and degradation in the niger delta region of nigeria. Indeed, it is one of the most significant environmental problems facing niger delta nigeria.
Delta, the centre nerve of petroleum in nigeria, the most serious oil spillage occurred in july 1979, when a storage facility at the west end of shelloperated forcados terminal collapsed spilling an estimated 560,000 barrels of oil into the surrounding land, mangrove swamps and territorial waters nwankwo and ifeadi, 1988. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria 20 the year 2000, about twenty four 24 cases of large crude oil spillages were recorded around the world including south africa when a bulk carrier called treasure carrying about 1,400 tonnes of oil sank off the coast of cape town 3. This information is then put into a joint investigation visit jiv report. The first major oil spillage occurred in 1970 in the southeast of nigeria. Nigeria, conducted a research project on the impact of oil. The niger delta suffers from an epidemic of oil spills. Impacts and effects of oil spillage in niger delta nigeria. Nigerian officials reported that gallons of crude oil spilled on rivers and farmland. An indirect assessment of the effects of oil pollution on the diversity. Shell begins cleanup after 10year delay the cleanup of a contaminated fishing community in nigeria has finally started almost 10 years after two oil spills in niger river delta.
Oil drilling is one of the causes of the oil spill. It called on the federal government of nigeria, the oil and gas industry and communities to begin a comprehensive cleanup of the region and take coordinated action to end to all forms of illegal oil bunkering, crude theft, and artisanal refining of stolen crude causing oil contamination. Spdc was the first oil and gas company in nigeria to publish data on all spills in its areas of operation online. Between 1976 and 1996 nigeria recorded a total of 4835 oil spill. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. Chapter five discusses in greater detail how oil spills impact wildlife. Vandalization of oil pipelines in the niger delta region. Some of which have technical issues hence causing oil spillage. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the niger delta region of nigeria. Oil spillage is the most prevalent form of marine pollution in the. Oil spill influence on vegetation in nigeria and its determinants.
Shell oil spills led to astonishingly high pollution in nigeria stalled cleanup of leaks from faulty pipeline in 2008 is endangering locals, letter warns. Secondly, in bayelsa state, according to local residents, primarily the kalaba community which has been recently plagued by gas leaks, a spill was discovered in august, which is continues to spill crude oil into the forests and swamps, threatening local. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. Effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta plos. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management. Pdf the coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. By understanding the basic of the ecology of these forests and learning from past oil spills in mangroves, we can better plan for, protect, and respond to spills that may threaten them. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Oilmap to rapidly provide oil spill trajectory predictions anywhere in the world makes oil spill modelling accessible to the oil and gas industry, shipping companies and government agencies. Causes and terrain of oil spillage in niger delta region of. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international usa.
Effects of hydrocarbon pollution on local economy a thesis approved by the faculty of environmental sciences and process engineering at the brandenburg university of technology cottbus in partial. Currently, many oil rigs are being drilled in seas. The oil companies operating in nigeria should be made to enter into a written agreement with the government on what they will do for the state in the case of oil spill and other. Pdf oil spillage in nigerias upstream petroleum sector. Oil spillage is a form of pollution, which involves the release of a liquid petroleum into the environment due to human activity. Gis, nigeria, oil spill, remote sensing, vegetation. Oil spillage is a major environmental problem in nigeria. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. For decades oil spills have been damaging the environment and devastating lives in this part of nigeria. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the region. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian.
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